What Is Sio2 in Chemistry?

What Is Sio2 in Chemistry?The field of learning about life and its purpose is called science. And for any person, whether he is a student or an expert, understanding what is sio2 in chemistry would help him to take practical decisions. In this article, we are going to discuss the meaning of sio2 and how it relates to daily life.A chemical compound is usually considered as something made from different types of elements. Many people can trace their history back to when they were very young, when they learned of different elements like carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. When science and the use of these elements were first discovered, there were some types of machines being used to explore these elements. Those were the machines where most of the knowledge about what is sio2 in chemistry came from. In these machines, chemicals were put into different shells or bodies.While the concept of sio2 in chemistry may be relatively new, the discovery of it was not. The use of alkaline subs tances to dissociate other compounds was in use during the ancient times. When people knew that it could make things simpler, they discovered it easier to make things with chemicals. The knowledge of what is sio2 in chemistry has been known since the Ancient Egypt. Its use eventually spread to Europe.Since the discovery of sio2 in chemistry, several scientists have studied it and tried to understand how it works. During those years, several types of reactions were made which were so complex that they remained unknown until today. For example, sodium ion reacts with calcium ions and forms sodium-calcium ions which are the basis of electricity. Another reaction that was discovered was the nitrogen-oxygen combination.Most of the common reactions which were discovered and defined in the past are still used in laboratories. It is quite important for a person to know about these reactions because they are very vital in everyday life. What is sio2 in chemistry can help one to make decision s which are right for them.First of all, we can start with the sodium ion. When the sodium ion is introduced to a calcium ion, a chemical reaction is made. The other common reactions that are sio2 in chemistry are the reaction between sodium and potassium ions, potassium and ammonium ion, potassium and carbon, and the carbon and sodium ions. Sodium ion can also react with potassium ion, while sodium and ammonium ion can react with sodium and carbon.One of the most common types of reactions which are sio2 in chemistry is the reaction between sodium and copper ion. The oxygen of one of the substances interacts with the hydrogen of another. When the interaction is big enough, then the copper atom can react with the oxygen of the metal. This reaction produces carbon dioxide, which is highly essential for the human body. The formation of this gas is done by bacteria that live inside the human body.These are just some of the reactions which are defined in scientific theories. As you can s ee, the importance of what is sio2 in chemistry is greatly present today.

Start Your Career Early Leveraging Strengths as a Young Introvert in College - Introvert Whisperer

Introvert Whisperer / Start Your Career Early Leveraging Strengths as a Young Introvert in College - Introvert Whisperer Start Your Career Early: Leveraging Strengths as a Young Introvert in College Every culture seems to develop a preference for several specific traits. While one culture worships thin, trim or athletic bodies, another favors the curvier, more robust ones. The same is true with introversion and extroversion. Asian cultures prefer the quiet, contained mannerisms of an introvert, American culture seems to reward loud, outgoing, extroverted personalities. If you are an introvert, you can move to Asia where your innate characteristics are more preferred. Or, you can also learn how to use your strengths to their best advantage right here in the good old U.S. of A. Knowing yourself is one of the first steps to achieving success. Without knowing what your strengths and weaknesses are, you cant leverage any of them. While many college programs and events such as mixers, meet-and-greets, and other networking opportunities gear more towards extroverts, that doesnt mean introverts cant be as successful at networking. They might have to be more strategic in how they do it. Here are 3 ways for introverted college students to leverage their strengths and jump-start their career. It’s Not Scary If It’s Systematic Networking is an extroverted way of relating to the world, based on quantity over quality. The theory is that the more people you know, the stronger your network is. Yet, introverts have a great capacity for developing deeper and more intimate relationships. This is a strength they can use to their advantage. While networking events can be important, they are not the preferred environment of introverts. Nothing says networking events are the only places you can cultivate contacts. In fact, introverts may do far better doing research and setting up appointments with a few strategic prospects rather than trying to press the flesh with the masses. When you set your goal related to building career-focused connections, you will come closer to knowing your next steps. Make a plan of how many people you need to meet and in what areas. Are those senior students in your field, or you want to connect with a few key professors? Do you want to meet three persons working in a certain company? What can a certain person do for your career? Develop a strategy and put in on paper on in a sheet. You can organize your list by importance to know where to start.   Think about how to connect with those people and where. Prepare a speech or questions and then make your strategic move approach an individual in person or online. Remember that the business world is full of introverts like you. When you go to that next networking event, instead of trying to dive into the center of the action like the extroverts do, try skirting the edges of the room to find people like you. Look for the outliers and strike up a conversation. The likelihood is, you may find a kindred soul who can open several other doors for you. Sometimes, its not about how many people you know, but about knowing the right people. The chances are on your side. Its more likely that you will impress the influential introvert than some loud, chattering extrovert. Leverage Written Communication Introverts tend to prefer to think before they act or speak, so they enjoy written communication. Since this is what they prefer they can often be far more eloquent in an e-mail or letter that they might be in person. This is another skill that introverts can use to their advantage. Extroverts often prefer cold calling because they are better on their feet. Introverts can use emails, social media, and even hand-written letters to stand out from the crowd. Letters, in particular, are one great way to set yourself apart from the hundreds of emails that most busy or influential people get every day. While you will have to meet people face-to-face at some time, you will often do better preparing in advance for your actions. Blogging is another great way for introverts to establish their professional presence. Blogs are a great way for you to show off your knowledge and establish yourself as an authority without having to vie for public attention. Introverts are naturally creative, so a blog might be right up your alley. Good Listening Skills Can Go a Long Way Introverts are not only known for being good listeners, but they also notice and remember small details better. This can go a long way in building and establishing better relationships. A college is a vibrant place where meeting new people often happens naturally and spontaneously. You are always surrounded by people. You are all here to acquire education that will jumpstart your career. If you want to bond with your roommate or colleague but don’t know how, a bit of online research can help you find common interests to can talk about. People like people that show interest in them and often return the favor in the same fashion. Even the most powerful and influential people are still people. They want to be seen and known as much for who they are as for what they can do. We will all do things more likely for those we somehow connect to than for complete strangers. You are most likely trying to create a connection because you want something. There is nothing wrong with that. The person you are trying to connect with wants something too. You may want a good job and they may want a good employee. You may want a mentor and they may want an eager mentee. Wrapping It Up There is nothing wrong with wanting things from the people we interact with. The point is to find the places where your needs and wants align. This is one of many ways in which an introverts listening skills can stand them in good stead. Remember to use your listening skills and keep attention to detail when connecting with people. This introverted skill doesnt mean that extroverts do not know how to establish a connection or are shallow. Introverts have a unique set of strengths they can use to achieve their career-focused goals, as extroverts can harness theirs. In networking, introverts dont have to be left out in the cold. In fact, introverts will often do far better by abandoning the traditional networking playbook and striking out on their own to apply their unique strengths to build a strong, powerful network of support. Author’s Bio: Lisa Michaels is a freelance writer, editor and a striving content marketing consultant from Portland. Being self-employed, she does her best to stay on top of the current trends in business and shares her knowledge. Connect with Lisa on Twitter @LisaBMichaels. Go to top Bottom-line â€" I want to help you accelerate your career â€" to achieve what you want by connecting you with your Free Instant Access to my 4 Building Blocks to Relationships eBookâ€" the backbone to your Networking success and fantastic work relationships.  Grab yours by visiting here right now! Brought to you by Dorothy Tannahill-Moran â€" dedicated to unleashing your professional potential. Introvert Whisperer

The Best Shops For Vegan Food

The Best Shops For Vegan Food The 5 Best Supermarkets For Vegan Foods Chapters1. The Co-Operative2. Marks and Spencer3. Sainsbury’s4. Tesco5. WaitroseThe Top 5: A RoundupOther Suprisingly Good FindsMaking Your Own Vegan FoodLearn More About Vegan FoodThough you won’t find any mainstream supermarkets selling only vegan produce, you will find many popular UK stores offering a dedicated section or aisle specialising in nutritious vegan foods.Thanks to the increase in supply of vegan meals and individual ingredients, shopping for a plant based diet doesn’t have to be a struggle. And if your local shop doesn’t have a vegan food section, you might be pleased to hear that there a few hidden treasures among the better known brands that are safe for vegans.Some items aren't specifically targeted at vegans but are suitable for them to eat, like Ritz crackers, for example. Photo credit: JeepersMedia on Visual huntTake, for example, Ritz crackers, Kellogg’s (unfrosted) Pop-Tarts and Lindt Excellence Cocoa Bars. In 70%, 80% and 90%... so you might not hav e all of the ingredients to make a delicious, healthy vegan meal there but you can certainly find yourself a tasty treat to chew on! Plus, there are always healthy vegan options available such as lentils, quinoa, bananas, avocado and hummus available in most supermarkets if you don't have a sweet tooth.Take note of my top 5 list of supermarkets stocking vegan-friendly food options.Marks and Spencer offers its customers a good range of party food, suitable for vegans. Plus, they've released a brand new vegan and vegetarian range this past Autumn with thirteen products in it, just some of which are Sweetcorn and Chickpea Burgers, Beetroot Falafel and Sweet Potato Steak.Interestingly, they've also brought out exclusive plant-based soy proteins to replace chicken and beef mince: Veggie Chunks and Veggie Mince, which tastes delicious.MS has a relatively long list of dishes that are suitable for vegans which is updated each month for accuracy and consistency. They also pride themselves on their customer service and state on their website that a member of staff in store can help you find out what's available to you in that particular branch.What's more, it isn't just the shops that have vegan foods on offer, their numerous food halls are also full of delicious vegan options, labelled with the logo.3. Sainsbury’sSainsbury’s offer their customers a reasonable choice of vegan ingredients and dishes. Their Freefrom line offers vegan-labelled products, including vegan-friendly Turkish delights and ice creams. In their frozen section, you will find meat-free meatballs and burgers alongside Quorn and Linda McCartney products.If in doubt about which products are vegan or not, then use an Internet search to find out the vegan products shocked by Sainsbury's. Among the list, you will find a range of frozen goods that can be kept for months at a time (great for if you're running low on ideas for meals and inspiration for desserts), such as vegan pizza or vegetarian chilli, along with some household, beauty and health products, like Berocca energy vitamins and l'Oreal face cream.Also, as of November 2017, vegans can treat themselves to egg and dairy-free marshmallows, which come in pink and white, as well as a vegan whipped cream, which is said to go very well with a vegan hot chocolate!Learn more about cooking with these cooking classes.Vegans can find a suitable alternative to this pink and white treat in Sainsbury's. Photo on VisualHuntAs previously mentioned, Sainsbury's candy ranges are quite substantial. In addition to those mentioned above, customers can also purchase tangy sour snakes, cola bottles, raspberry liquorice and cranberry and orange fudge bites.4. TescoJust like its previous competitor, Tesco stocks an array of products suitable for a vegan diet, including cheeses, margarine, yoghurts, and ice cream. Their frozen foods section comprises of soya mince, kale and butternut squash roasts and falafels.If you have seen the collection of re cipe cards in Tesco stores, you may be wondering if the food giant also has recipes dedicated to vegans. The answer is yes.While they may not be available in card form at every shop, you can look at the Tesco Real Food pages online and discover a selection of vegan recipes, suitable for a quick mid-week meal or for a more relaxed dinner party at the weekend.Furthermore, Tesco announced earlier this year that it was releasing a new oven food range named 'Wicked Kitchen', which celebrates all that is 'Wicked' about plants. In collaboration with chef Derek Sarno, it has created irresistible, tasty and mighty flavoursome prepared meals for the vegan and vegetarian markets. This exciting development means that being vegan doesn't have to mean eating boring foods like whole grain rice, red lentil, quinoa salad and kale chips!Lunches in the range include Carrot Pastrami-Spiced Wrap, Sweet Potato Pakora Wrap, Rainbow Curry Salad Bowl and Moroccan-Inspired Bowl,  while meal options consist o f sourdough pizzas, burritos, noodles and mushroom bolognese. GiovanniCooking Teacher 4.83 (12) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors HalimaCooking Teacher £12/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors HakimCooking Teacher 5.00 (5) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors VincenzoCooking Teacher £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors GinellaCooking Teacher £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ArronCooking Teacher 5.00 (2) £9/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JoshuaCooking Teacher 5.00 (5) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors FlickCooking Teacher 5.00 (1) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors5. WaitroseAs you might expect, Waitrose delivers the goods when it comes to a specific diet like veganism. Their extensive range of healthy vegan foods includes basil tofu, hotdogs, ice cream, curries, crisps and crumbles. Big name brands include Quorn and Cauldron.Waitrose's vegan section on its website is very easy to navigate, with se ctions to choose from ranging from Bakery to World Foods.As you would expect, the line includes fruit, vegetables, salads, seeds, nuts, plant proteins, frozen foods, and much more.Meanwhile, Waitrose announced late last year that it had teamed up with a vegan butcher in order to produce a brand new range of vegan products for its customers. This is as a result of plant-based foods being in such high demand. This partnership means that you can expect to see lots more of the recipes you have longed for, like interesting veggie burgers, a warming casserole, vegetarian chilli, spicy enchiladas, a rich vegan lasagna and maybe even a colourful vegetable curry. Who thinks that Waitrose, and the other shops in our top 5, should have a poll so that people can suggest some of their best ever best vegan meal ideas? Also, wouldn't it be nice if there were a meal delivery service close to you offering vegan lunches or meals?The Top 5: A RoundupHere is a roundup of the top five supermarkets for v egan food, and what makes them stand out from their competition.The Co-OperativeStocks vegan-labelled goods, including take-away style elements and alcoholMarks and SpencerOffers vegan-friendly confectionary, chocolate, ice cream and even has vegan lunches to goSainsbury'sHas a Freefrom line that includes a variety of vegan ingredients and meal alternativesTescoIncludes vegan cheese, yoghurts and ice cream as well as frozen items like mince meat alternatives, falafels and butternut squash roastsWaitroseStocks Quorn and Cauldron products plus an extensive range of vegan foodsOther Suprisingly Good FindsThey may not have made it into my (or The Vegan Society's) top five, however Morrisons, Aldi and Asda do offer some great vegan foods.While the high scorers featured above have specially-labelled lines for vegans, these brands seem to stock vegan goods more ‘by accident’, making them seem even more like hidden treasures!Granted, it is much easier to go to a shop's website and searc h for vegan items, but where's the fun in that?! Be prepared to spend a little while browsing and scrutinising labels but it well worth it when you find a gem of a treat tucked away in your local store, that many of your fellow vegans don't even know about. Just like vegetarian items though, most vegan foods will display the vegan mark on their packaging.Like vegetarian goods, vegan food is labelled with the 'V' symbol indicating whether it is suitable for vegans or veggies. Photo credit: Tony Webster on Visualhunt.comThe question is, will you spill the beans and announce to the world what you've found or will you keep it your little secret?Likewise, Lidl don’t have a great range of vegan foods but they do label their foods clearly and are cooperative when you ask them questions in store or by email.Making Your Own Vegan FoodOf course, you don't have to buy already prepared meals. You can make many food products yourself, using dairy, meat and egg alternatives to cook with. For ex ample, there are many ingredients suitable for vegans that can be used to make homemade vegan cheeses, mayonnaise and dips in place of the full fat alternatives.For a more extensive list of vegan food alternatives, read the blog What Is Vegan Food And Where Do I Get It?Furthermore, if you'd like to see some of the best vegan recipes out there, or find easy vegan recipes that won't be too challenging to cook, then why not take a look at some of my selected vegan and vegetarian recipes. You can visit the blog here: 10 Vegan Recipes That Will Turn Heads.While I wasn't able to list every vegan recipe, I came across some fantastic meal ideas for vegans including savoury pancakes, curried stews, roasted cauliflower, stuffed tomatoes, a one pot Mexican casserole, pecan bread, bean soup, sundried tomato bruschetta, pumpkin pie, coconut rice, carrot soup, black bean burritos, vegan mac and cheese, bean burgers, chickpea curry, noodle salad and garlicky dried tomato with spaghetti. You see, t here are so many options for dinner recipes out there!Many dishes that I came to see were tasty British, American,  Asian and Mediterranean infusions  and ranged from fine dining to everyday cuisine. Meanwhile, the websites incorporated a mixture snack, breakfast, lunch, main meal, entrees and side dishes.Furthermore, a number of vegan desserts also caught my eye. You can see ten of my favourite dairy free recipes by visiting: 10 Amazing Vegan Baking Recipes.Other delightful puddings that I stumbled across were lemon syrup pancakes, blueberry muffins, strawberry and oatmeal cupcakes, vanilla and chocolate chip cookies (vegan chocolate, of course!), vegan chocolate brownies, apple and blueberry compote, cinnamon rolls, gingerbread men and crunchy ginger biscuits. If you thought it wasn't easy to find dessert recipes that don't use milk products, then just you go and see for yourself the many recipes for vegans which use clever alternatives to replace them!Learn to cook delicious vega n recipes in cooking classes London or elsewhere!Learn More About Vegan FoodIf you enjoyed reading this, why not check out our other blogs related to vegan food and vegan recipes  to learn about the benefits of being vegan.

A Guide to Networking for the Socially Inept, Introverted and Reluctant - Introvert Whisperer

Introvert Whisperer / A Guide to Networking for the Socially Inept, Introverted and Reluctant - Introvert Whisperer A Guide to Networking for the Socially Inept, Introverted and Reluctant You know our type. We’re the kind of people who, for whatever reason, don’t really know how to start up a conversation. We’d rather hide under the table than start chatting with an unknown person, or stay at home watching reruns than go to a party. We’re your awkward cousin or the kid who sat behind you in biology. Is there networking hope for us? Yes. There is hope, and you’ll find comfort in knowing (for all of us procedural nerds) that it’s a process you can quickly and painlessly use. Like many things in my life, I’ve had to figure this out on my own, but I have followed it up with study. I know some people find it hard to believe I’m introverted since I’ve been known to speak to a crowd of a 1,000 people, but it’s true. It’s easier for me to do public speaking than make small talk. The difference is the type of talk and the setting when that talking takes place. As a speaker, I develop and deliver content with a specific goal in mind. It has a goal and a destination. I can research the topic and get prepared. For networking, all of that is out the door; you’re left by yourself to say something interesting. Egads! The difference is huge. Here are some things Ive learned about networking that really help if you’re an Introvert: What Is the Purpose of Networking? In the context of a job search, your network will be the number one way you’ll find a job. If you haven’t yet heard of the hidden job market, it’s the 80% of jobs businesses are hiring for that never get posted. The only way you’ll find out about them is if you connect with enough people who know what you do and how to connect you. Outside of the job search, you can think of your network as a vast web of information and connections. (Like this thought? Tweet it!) For your entire life, you’ve developed and nurtured your network. When you need a plumber, a doctor or a restaurant, you call your network. You learned as a small child that your network will share toys and sack lunches. We all have networks, but we oftentimes think of them as family, friends and work associates. Whatever you call them, you’ve developed enough of a relationship to call upon them for help and support throughout your life. Who Is Your Network? I could write one sentence here and be 100% accurate: Your network is everyone you know. Your network is the obvious people I mentioned above, but also clients, vendors, people you hire, the wait staff at Starbucks the list goes on. I should also add that you know something about these people. You may know limited things about them because of the place of business or setting in which you met them, but that is enough to get started. And now for the $64,000 question How Do You Get Past the Social Willies and Develop a Network? Think of networking as creating relationships with people. How do you create relationships with people? By getting to know them. You ask them questions about themselves! This was something I knew, but didn’t “know.” People think you’re a fabulous conversationalist if you ask questions about them. The more you ask others about what’s going on in their lives, the more you learn and can relate to them in the future. Let me give you a personal example. When my husband and I got married, my dad knew maybe four people at the reception. Yet for months afterward, people would tell me they had gotten to know my dad and thought he was great. Turns out he would approach someone and ask them, “How do you know Terry and What do you find to be the most challenging thing about networking? Share your thoughts in the comments! Image: Flickr Bottom-line â€" I want to help you accelerate your career â€" to achieve what you want by connecting you with your Free Instant Access to my 4 Building Blocks to Relationships eBookâ€" the backbone to your Networking success and fantastic work relationships.   Grab yours by visiting: CLICK HERE Brought to you by Dorothy Tannahill-Moran â€" dedicated to unleash your professional potential.

Magnetism and Electromagnetism Everything You Need to Know.

Magnetism and Electromagnetism Everything You Need to Know. Your Guide to Magnetism, Electromagnetism, and Electromagnetic Induction. ChaptersWhat is Magnetism?What is an Electromagnet?What is Electromagnetic Induction?What is a Transformer?In the modern world, we use magnets in an overwhelming number of different ways. From the way that a fridge door closes to the way in which your headphones play music, from the generation and transmission of electricity, to the motor in your car. All of these use magnetic force in some way or another.Given the current ubiquitousness of magnets, our particular civilisation would be a bit useless without them. We’d have no way to move electric currents across the country. All of our electric motors would be useless. And we wouldn’t be able to talk across distance â€" as we have become so used to doing.As such, we shouldn’t take these particular things for granted. Rather, we should â€" all of us, that is, not just the scientists â€" try to understand what they are all about: how they work, what the special relationship is between electricity and magnetism, and how they make our world go around.This is our special task in this series of articles: to allow everyone to understand why it is that electrons have a magnetic moment, say â€" or why an electric current might produce a magnetic field. Why it is that magnetic flux can induce an electric charge, or why all of this stuff is so important for our world.Let’s take a look â€" from the basics of the magnetic field to the most important of the magnetic technologies.On Superprof, you can find a physics and maths tutor s1. Electromagnetism is used everywhere. PetarPhysics Teacher 5.00 (11) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MyriamPhysics Teacher 5.00 (13) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Dr parikhPhysics Teacher 5.00 (8) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RubenPhysics Teacher 5.00 (1) £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors FrankPhysics Teacher 5.00 (8) £90/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JidePhysics Teacher 4.80 (5) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors DorothyPhysics Teacher 5.00 (5) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RahulPhysics Teacher £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsWhat is Magnetism?Let’s start with magnetism.Magnetism is the force, present in and between all objects, that is produced by the motion of electrons â€" and that results in the attraction and repulsion of different objects. It is a ‘noncontact’ force that affects every single different object in the world, to a greater or less extent, and t hat is the result of the movement of these subatomic particles, electrons, and their electric charge.Electrons, Magnetic Moments, and the Three Types of Magnetism.Every atom in a substance is made up of particles, including the neutrons, electrons, and protons. In magnetism, it is the electrons that are doing the work.These tend to orbit the neutrons, and they each have their own charge â€" either positive or negative. What generally happens is that the electrons ‘pair’ with those of an opposite charge â€" meaning that an electron with a negative charge would pair with one that is positive â€" and so the material would be relatively stable, as each of the charges would cancel the other out.When substances have paired electrons, we refer to it as diamagnetism.However, there are plenty of types of materials â€" including oxygen â€" that have unpaired electrons. When this happens, the substance becomes much more magnetic, as the electrons can all align. In most of these materials, however, they do not, as the ‘magnetic moments’ of each of these individual electrons are not equal â€" unless they are under the influence of an external magnetic field.These substances which only demonstrate magnetism when they are in an external magnetic field we call paramagnetic.And, finally, there are the ferromagnetic substances. These are the magnetic materials which have unpaired electrons of the same magnetic moment. This means that, spontaneously, they can become magnetic â€" and they will remain magnetic even after the removal of an external magnetic field.What, then, is the Magnetic Field?Every magnet or magnetic object has a magnetic field â€" the neighbourhood around the magnet in which its magnetic force is present. It is the space affected by the magnet’s magnetic charge.Permanent magnets and electromagnets have enduring magnetic fields, which you will conventionally see with iron filings that arrange themselves into the shape of the magnetic field lines. Thes e will follow the flow from the magnet’s north pole to its south pole.Magnetic fields change depending on the strength of the magnet.Find out more about magnetic fields! What is an Electromagnet?Apart from the magnetic moments of the electrons, the other thing that produces magnetic fields are electric charges. This discovery, back in the 1830s, has been one of the most important in history, as it created the link between magnetism and electricity.We’ve just seen that electrons in a substance have a magnetic charge â€" due to the fact of their movement within the magnetic material.But the place in which electrons really move is in electric currents, which, really, are just the movement of electrons. As currents move down a wire, the wire becomes magnetized as the movement of the electrons produces the magnetic field.It was André-Marie Ampère who discovered this, as he showed that parallel wires would attract or repel each other, depending on which way the current would pass. (He would later give his name to the amp or ampere, by the way.)How to Make an Electromagnet.Since the very earliest electromagnets, the technology has not changed very much. They have become stronger, yes, but the overall structure of the devices has remained the same.Electromagnets are made of a coil of wire, wrapped around a core of metal (usually a ferromagnetic material like iron). Into the coil of wire is passed an electric current, whose magnetic field is centred into the hole in the coil â€" i.e. the iron core. This whole structure is known as a solenoid â€" and is still used in all of the places where electromagnetism is in action.As soon as the electric current is switched off, the solenoid ceases to be magnetic.A Note on the Relationship between Magnetism and Electricity.Whilst we know that electricity produces a magnetic field, and that magnetic fields rely on electrons, the distinction between a thing called magnetism and a separate thing called electricity is a false one.These are not discrete forces. Rather, they are the same physical principle â€" like two sides of the same coin. ‘Electromagnetism’ as a thing is actually one of the f undamental forces in the universe.You find out more about electromagnetism in our dedicated article.What is Electromagnetic Induction?One of the most useful discoveries in the history of electromagnetism was made by Michael Faraday, a British scientist in the nineteenth century. This became known as electromagnetic induction â€" and it remains one of the core parts of our knowledge of electromagnetism to this day.Faraday’s experiments focused on the way that electric charges can be manipulated by magnetic fields. And he surmised that changes to a magnetic field can be used to induce an electrical current.This sounds complicated, but his actual practical experiments were fairly simple. He took an iron ring and wrapped two different wires around opposite sides of the ring â€" producing two solenoids on the same piece of iron.Attaching one piece of wire to a battery, he attached another to a galvanometer, a machine which measures electric charges. Connecting and disconnecting the fir st wire from the battery produced a change in the charge detected by the galvanometer. This, for Faraday, proved that the change in the magnetic field in the iron ring could induce an electrical current on the separate wire.To prove his ideas about this particular relationship between electricity and magnetism, he did another experiment. Taking a solenoid without a core (so just a wire coil), he inserted a bar magnet in and out of the coil. Pushing the magnet faster, he found a larger current was produced in the wire.Why was this so important? Because Faraday paved the way for the knowledge that electrical currents don’t only flow through wire â€" whilst he set the theoretical ground on which we came to produce electrical energy by manipulating its magnetic field.Learn more about electromagnetic induction! A diagram of a magnetic fieldWhat is a Transformer?Transformers are the crucial piece of technology that use the science of electromagnetic induction.They are perhaps the most common electrical devices on the planet, with almost the entirety of electrical energy that we produce and use passing through at least one transformer in its journey.So, what are transformers? A transformer is a static device that changes a current of a high voltage into one of a much lower voltage. It does this through the presence of two adjacent solenoids and through Faraday’s electromagnetic induction.Across the country, electricity is transmitted through massive electrical networks. But to keep costs down, the electricity that is transported is of super high voltages. This â€" rather than a high current â€" reduces wasted energy and means that the wires themselves don’t need to be big.However, we can’t actually use high voltage electricity. So, before the electricity is distributed locally into our homes, it needs to be transformed into lower voltage electricity. That’s what transformers are for.Reducing Current Voltage.Faraday’s law shows how electromagnetic induction can be used to reduced and increase the voltage of electrical currents.Think back to his experiment: he used two different coils, in which the changes in magnetic field between the two induced an electrical current in the second.If, however, you vary the number of coils in the wire, you can change the voltage of the current induced. Say you have ten coils on the first wire, you can simply halve the number of coils on the second and you have half the voltage.This is precisely how transformers work.

Pro Bono Work

Pro Bono Work Where to Find Pro Bono Legal Aid in the UK ChaptersWhat is Pro Bono Work?LawWorks: The Solicitors’ Pro Bono OrganisationThe Bar Pro Bono, for BarristersFinding Pro Bono Services ElsewhereIf you are a person in need of legal redress but don’t have the means to hire a solicitor or barrister, this article is for you.If you are a lawyer already in practice, a student currently  enrolled  in law school or one that anticipates sitting A Levels with the intent of practising law, this article is also for you.Now, your Superprof explores the humane side of the legal profession by expounding on the topic of ‘charity’ legal work that bears the dignified, time-honoured title of pro bono publico.quality of life for a patient in need.The medical charity Doctors Without Borders could be considered pro bono work, as would be Lawyers Without Borders!Ironically, it often seems that our legal structure, the framework of laws that govern and shape our society, are not meant to benefit every single citizen when, in fact, that is exactly t heir purpose.Imagine you bear a grievance of some sort â€" against your landlord, maybe, or perhaps you have a matter to bring before a family court judge.First, you have to have the necessary funds to bring suit against the defendant. And then...doesn’t it seem that it takes forever before your case is heard? And when it is heard, does the resolution seem a bit arbitrary?Sometimes, the wheels of justice grind slowly â€" Terry Waite, CBEWe must also confront the fact that legal services don’t come cheap.Of course, you may counter that assertion with Legal Aid, a government initiative designed to help pay for all or a part of one’s legal fees.The trouble with that organisation is that there are strict criteria for legal aid qualification; one of them being your level of income.Not everyone who lives in poverty qualifies for legal aid and not every case will merit representation; a state of affairs that sometimes leaves supplicants in legal limbo.As an attorney or attorney-to-be , you will have the opportunity to give such people access to justice by participating in pro bono events, either through your firm or through various legal charities that we will now highlight.All type the different kind of lawyers, no matter what kind of law they practice, can take on some pro-bono work.A solicitor will do most of the legwork and research for your case, as well as possibly represent you in court Source: Pixabay Credit: Clkr-Free-Vector-ImagesLawWorks: The Solicitors’ Pro Bono OrganisationThis organisation is the solicitors’ charity that endeavours to provide legal aid to those of low income who might not otherwise merit advocacy through other channels.If you are in need of legal assistance but concerned about whether you would qualify for either free legal aid or the services of a pro bono solicitor, their website’s homepage will greet you with a questionnaire to clarify the issue.You may reasonably expect help from LawWorks with such legal issues as:Discrim ination â€" in the workplace, in medical or administrative services, in housing and other areas of life.Employment: unfair dismissal, employment tribunals, etc.Family: divorce and separation, family mediation, child abduction and children taken into careHousing: eviction, homelessness, rent arrears and safety issues in your rented homeEducation: issues with special needs students, exclusions, learning difficultiesDebt: bankruptcy, repossession of property â€" real estate or other material possessions, such as automobilesPersonal injury: an accident that was not your faultWelfare benefits: appealing a decision regarding your social benefitsClinical negligence: problems with your medical care and/or treatment, or with someone you have legal authority over, such as a child or parent.Domestic abuse, child abuse, forced marriage and/or harassment by an ex-partnerPublic law: if you have a case to take up against a public body.Depending on your exact situation, you may be directed to Legal Aid, which does handle a portion of such claims.However, the merits of your case may compel a LawWorks solicitor to litigate on your behalf, whether you qualify for Legal Aid or not.Besides individual and public interest cases, LawWorks also appreciates representing non-profit organisations.Such engagement might include drafting or reviewing contracts, drafting or updating the organisation’s constitution, and litigation on behalf of their non-profit client in matters such as commercial disputes.Incidentally...If we’ve given you the impression that you must already be a full-fledged solicitor already employed in a big and prestigious law firm in order to volunteer through LawWorks, let us now assert that, even as a law student, you may demonstrate your commitment to practising law by volunteering with LawWorks.A barrister functions in a more limited capacity than a solicitor! Source: Pixabay Credit: Michael18The Bar Pro Bono, for BarristersLawWorks volunteer solicitors will assi st qualified applicants with any civil matter within their jurisdiction, but what if your matter is such that a barrister is needed?Generally, barristers work with clients only through a solicitor.However, through the Bar Pro Bono charity, that regulation is bypassed, giving barristers direct, albeit limited access to clients.Barristers will only help with certain aspects of your legal matters, such as representing you in a court or tribunal, drafting certain documents, or giving legal advice in writing.Your volunteer barrister will not prepare briefs or other casework related to your court case, nor will they lodge papers for you at the courthouse. In fact, they will not provide you with any administrative support and they will not write letters on your behalf.Furthermore, this pro bono project offers legal representation only on a step by step basis.Simply said, that means they will not take your case on; they will help you with a single aspect of your case at a time.Should you ne ed more help from a barrister for your ongoing case, you would have to apply for help from Bar Pro Bono anew.In spite of these substantive rules, should your case merit legal representation from a barrister â€" and you meet all of their criteria, you may count on The Bar Pro Bono volunteers to advocate on your behalf.Once you have ascertained that you do not qualify for free legal aid and your case particulars call for the services of a barrister, they will consider your application regardless of what area of the law it falls under.Please note that you must submit your application for help as early as possible; at least three weeks prior to your hearing date.Furthermore, you may not contact Bar Pro Bono directly to seek legal help; you must get a referral from a legal clinic, legal advice service, the Citizen Advice Bureau or even your local Member of Parliament (MP).You may even find that law firms could refer you to The Bar Pro Bono to address a single, specific aspect of your cas e!It is not uncommon for aggrieved parties to perceive the lawyer with the best legal education â€" i.e., barristers, as the most qualified to handle their case.However, it is important to remember that barristers address only certain aspects of the law; if yours is a civil case â€" a tort lawsuit, for example, a solicitor may well fit the bill much better.And nothing says that your solicitor won’t appeal to a Bar Pro Bono barrister to draft an opinion or represent you in court!Besides working on individual cases, barristers affiliated with The Bar Pro Bono work in the community, doing their bit for public service with volunteer organisations â€" much as solicitors do, but again: only within their scope of work.You may ask your City law tutors about this organisation...Law students and Lawyers of all types may donate their time to multiple organisations Source: Pixabay Credit: Kabaldesch0Finding Pro Bono Services ElsewherePlenty of individual law offices offer pro bono services to clients with nowhere else to turn, perhaps especially if Legal Aid turned them away.Admittedly, at the peak of your legal crisis, you probably won’t want to call a multitude of law firms.To that end, the UK Law Society has created a webpage that can help you find the counsel you need.If you are looking for legal advice â€" not necessarily representation or help, you may address your query to Eversheds Sutherland, a law firm that offers free legal services.You should note that the lion’s share of their cases come to them from LawWorks and this next organisation.TrustLaw, a global pro bono legal programme mostly works with non-governmental organisations and other international to, among other things, expand into new countries.As such, these attorneys would not be likely to represent individuals in a court of law or assist them with their legal needs, but...Didn’t we say that this article is equally meant for legal supplicants and those training for a career in law?Whether you a re someone looking for equal justice under the law or someone enrolled in a school of law, you now know where you can turn to find pro bono legal opportunities.Learn more about pro bono work from law tutors...

Does Singing make you Happy

Does Singing make you Happy Learn to Sing Just for Fun ChaptersLearning to Sing and the Benefits on Your Well-beingSinging Has a Positive Influence on All Aspects of Our LivesHow Can You Learn to Sing Without any Hassle?For Amateurs that Would Like to Go Farther...“What’s the most difficult thing about singing? Getting paid for it.” - Jacques DutroncThe French singer Jacques Dutronc was full of great singing tips, especially when he described just how hard it can be to become a famous singer and earn enough money to survive by following your passion. It’s a difficult vocation that leads to singing success for only a handful of people in possession of a beautiful singing voice.If songs could only be sung by famous singers (and in tune), they’d be rarer than gold! Fortunately for you, learning how to sing correctly is something that tone deaf beginners can do for free in the comfort of their own home.This is the type of singing that we’re going to talk about in this article. Singing for the fun of it. The type of singing that a ny beginner or amateur vocalist can enjoy without extensive vocal training.  After all, everybody can hum along to whatever song they want regardless of how good their voices are.The melodies, tunes, and sounds are also great for lifting our spirits when we’re feeling down.  Even if you don’t really understand all the lyrics, it doesn’t matter, the music itself can cheer you up.This is why operas by Wagner weren’t just popular in German-speaking countries and there are plenty of English speakers familiar with Nessun Dorma, for example.Find singing lessons Glasgow here. TraceySinging Teacher 4.92 (13) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors PortiaSinging Teacher 4.91 (11) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors NicolaSinging Teacher 5.00 (11) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JazzSinging Teacher 5.00 (6) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors PerrineSinging Teacher 5.00 (3) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors TiemSinging Teacher £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors TomSinging Teacher £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MiriamSinging Teacher 5.00 (4) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsLearning to Sing and the Benefits on Your Well-beingSinging is an art that almost anyone can get into. In fact, anyone can put their heart and soul into singing, even if they can’t sing in key or hit any of the high notes!While it’s recommended that you learn how to sing in key (with the help of a voice coach) if you want to improve, the simple fact of the matter is that singing is fun and enjoyable and can make you happier even when your pitch is way off.  It’s a leisure activity, after all. You could say the same for all music in general.The special thing about singing, whether on your own or as part of a group, is that it’s active, unlike just listening to music.You should get a few different songs so that you can practise breathing exercises. (Source:  pixabay.com)Studying singing for fu n with a singing teacher comes with the benefit of alleviating stress. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said for those participating in singing competitions or singing for a living.You can’t get stage fright when singing in the shower or in the car. You don’t have to worry about your singing paying the bills, after all. You can just enjoy it for what it is, a bit of fun. If you choose to sing as a group, things will be a little different. You’ll have to attend practices at a given time, do your warm up exercises, listen to the coaching of the other members, and be open to criticism and willing to improve.The calming effect of music is well understood. This is basically why music therapy exists.  Just like sporting activities, singing allows you to alleviate tension and relieve stress.Howard Gardner, an American researcher, reckons that music is one of our brain’s basic functions just like logic and language are. This means that you should work on it in order to avoid cerebr al atrophy. Don't forget that if you want to take care of your throat, voice lessons are great for teaching you the singing techniques and warm up exercises you should be doing in order to get the most out of your singing without harming yourself.This also means that you should consider learning music as early as possible. Did you know that you can learn music in the womb?Singing Has a Positive Influence on All Aspects of Our LivesIn addition to the benefits singing can have on your well-being, there are a number of reasons that everyone should consider singing as often as they can and working with singing teachers.For one, children who sing or play music tend to get better results at school than their peers without any kind of musical education.Not only does singing help improve our abilities in the hard sciences (like maths), it also brings a number of benefits to artistic subjects, gives us a better understanding of art, and helps us understand human values better.Using your voca l cords and your ears (without overdoing it) is the best way to prevent the tightening of your vocal cords, losing your voice, and deafness.Unfortunately, not everyone’s the same in this respect. You can start singing when you’re young and still lose your voice or become famous when you’re older.With private singing and music tutorials, you can have them almost anywhere! (Source: Caio Resende)The benefits of singing are rich, varied, weird, and wonderful, when you think about it.The action of singing is sort of like a very light strength training session where your muscles can become more flexible and relaxed.Additionally, it’ll help you master your breathing (and how you use your diaphragm) which generally improves your fitness. When you consider the benefits singing has in terms of your self-confidence and balance, you could say it’s a bit like yoga. Make sure you're improving your posture, too!Singing acts like a spa day for your soul without having to spend the type of money that you see celebrities paying for a detox.In the long term, the vocal action can also improve the muscles in your face and prevent wrinkles and slow the signs of ageing. Singing is basically the opposite of drinking.The last thing we should mention is the pure enjoyment you can gain from singing. It’s even more fun when you share these moments with other people.Can you think of any other leisure activities that have as many benefits and such little risk of injury (unlike sports)?How Can You Learn to Sing Without any Hassle?Choosing to sing for the fun of it rather than in order to become a star will make things much easier and more enjoyable.  Taking things slowly can often be the most effective way to learn without even realising how much progress you’re making.Unlike students in am music school who have to go home and practise every day in order to pass a certain grade, you could learn to sing over the summer with regular private singing lessons in the comfort of your own home. You can always make them less regular if you’re busy or more frequent if you’ve got the time, too.If you’re lucky enough to already be able to sing in key, good for you!  On the other hand, those who struggle to carry a tune can benefit a lot from a second set of ears to correct their mistakes and help them to improve.It's also a good idea to get to grips with a range of vocal styles by listening to a variety of genres.Once you achieve this, a whole world of music will open up before your very eyes.Learning how to play an instrument and music theory could really help your singing. (Source: freestocks.org)You’ll need to consider studying music theory in order to decipher the sheet music for your favourite songs and make sure that you’re choosing to sing songs that are within your vocal range.Once you’ve done this, you’re free to put together your own musical repertoire without having to bend to the will of a demanding audience or an artistic director.  You ca n choose the songs that you like the most and just go nuts with it!For Amateurs that Would Like to Go Farther...If you’re done with being an amateur singer and would prefer to sing somewhere other than your shower or car, then you’re going to have to change things up a bit.The way you start to learn how to sing when you first start is always going to be the same whether it’s for fun or not. You'll need to look for a voice teacher who's ready to teach you the appropriate vocal techniques and singing exercises.Everything is going to depend on how much work you put in, how many classes you get, how motivated you are, and how willing you are to work on your vocal technique.If you want to learn to sing, you'll need to find your style and your voice. (Source: Thibault Trillet)A vocal coach will be necessary to help you with certain vocal exercises to get you to the level necessary to start participating in singing competitions and going to an audition. We’re not talking about The Voice or The X Factor just yet, though. You should consider lower-key singing competitions and smaller audiences, first.With a bit of luck and talent (and the means), you should be able to get yourself into a music school or find an artist to take you under their wing and show you the ropes of the industry.Don’t forget that these stars are also performers! You’ll need to work on your stage presence and performance if you want to break into the industry. If you’re going to become a famous singer, you’re going to have to believe in yourself.Pavarotti, who was largely self-taught, needed to have immeasurable confidence in order to take to the stage. After all, performing the greats like Verdi requires a certain level of audacity.In addition to having the same level of confidence as the greats, you’ll also need to be able to sing like them or nobody will take you seriously as an artist.Did you know that Susan Boyle was 47 when she was discovered? It just goes to show that if y ou want to become a famous singer, you might need to be patient! You can get voice training from a private music teacher as well as online singing lessons over Skype.

The Enduring Appeal of French Cinema

The Enduring Appeal of French Cinema Discover the Mystique of French Cinema ChaptersThe Ten Most Famous French ActorsThe Ten Best French FilmsThe History of French CinemaAre the French Obsessed with Film?Who doesn't like watching a good film: curled up on the sofa on a rainy afternoon, or perhaps one might still recall what an occasion going to a theater was, in the days gone by?Even today, with the smell of popcorn wafting through the lobby and enticing posters hung about, the lure of escape into another world or time, if only for a while, is a pastime most of us regularly indulge in.But do we give any thought to how that form of entertainment came about? The long history of cinema and the arduous journey it has endured, to provide us with the glamour, the pathos, the thrills and the laughs that play out on the silver screen?And why is French cinema particularly alluring?Here we talk about French masterpieces and the stars that bring them to life, the visionaries that convey their imaginary worlds into something meant for the world to see, and the spectator s who relish the performances.Alain Delon was a considered France's greatest sex symbol at the height of his fame! Source: Wikipedia Credit: Stefan Kragujeviccelebrities.Also, a fake Twitter account was established in his name, which his publicist was quick to refute: the real David Tennant â€" ironically enough, what the account called itself, abhors the platform and would never establish an account!Such outrageous actions against popular personalities is a sign of the times: we so crave the latest heartbeat of the people we idolise that we will go to any lengths for a piece of him/her.Obviously, such manic behaviour is everywhere; perhaps not exhibited by the fans themselves, but certainly by David press photographers who feed the fans what they crave.We only need to think of Lady Diana's tragic, untimely demise on the streets of Paris to realise that such predatory behaviour exists, even in the ultra-civilised City of Light!Thus we conclude that it must be a person of amazing for titude to undertake a career in the public eye.Furthermore, said persons must be extraordinarily talented, and must possess a mystic appeal in order to garner legions of loyal fans.France has plenty such luminaries. Find out about the most famous French actors.The Leading Men of FranceGerard Depardieu has certainly proved his acting chops over the 54 years he's been in the business!He started his career at the tag end of the French New Wave, gaining international stardom for his role in Jean de Florette, and rode that fame through the title role in Cyrano de Bergerac.He also had the great fortune of working with the illustrious François Truffaut, early in his career, playing opposite of Catherine Deneuve in The Last Metro.Daniel Auteuil played alongside M. Depardieu in Jean de Florette, as well as starring in its sequel, Manon des Sources, roles which made him one of the most highly acclaimed, and highly paid actors in France.His acting style is so fluid, he is equally comfortable doing comedy and thrillers.He was once linked to Manon co-star Emmanuelle Béart; with whom he has a daughter. His other daughter, Aurore, is an actress in her own right.Alain Delon was considered a sex symbol in his early career; he too being of the New Wave.He shot to fame in France, starring in the comedy Women are Weak, otherwise known as Three Murderesses. His acclaim dawned on the international stage when he portrayed Tom Ripley in Purple Noon.In the spirit of striking while the iron is hot, he dropped in on Hollywood to make a few films of only moderate success. His return to France saw him showered with accolades, and he grew more popular than ever.Albert Remy's short-lived career is nevertheless remarkable for the number of films he features in, as well as playing in some of France's best known stories: 400 Blows, and Is Paris Burning?, to name just two.In the twenty three years he spent in front of the camera, he appeared in 98 works, some of them destined for television.Y ves Montand has the distinction of having been discovered and mentored as a performer by Edith Piaf. She incorporated him into her act after having seen him sing in a music hall.Indeed, M. Montand is billed both as a singer and actor, and he is most renown for films that required his vocal talents.Late in his career, he was tapped to lead Jean de Florettes and its sequel as the scheming uncle. He also made a number of American films, most notably Let's Make Love, alongside Marylin Monroe.Although he had many well-publicised actual love affairs, most notably an alliance with Ms. Monroe, he stayed married to Simone Signoret, the German-born French actress who was the first to win an American academy award, until her death.The Ladies of French FilmBrigitte Bardot is sadly more famous for her pouty lips and long blond tresses than she is for any of her acting.She worked under the direction of some of the best names in French cinema, such as Roger Vadim and Jean-Luc Godard.She retired fr om filmmaking at the height of her career, after only 21 years in front of the camera. Since then, she has devoted her life to activism, having been charged several times with inciting racial hatred.Oddly enough, she bills herself as an animal rights activist, but her hate theme is directed at humans that don't necessarily mistreat animals!Compared to B.B. - as Miss Bardot is also known, Audrey Tautou has a squeaky clean image.Audrey gave her breakout performance in the delightful romantic comedy Amelie, and since then has sampled nearly every genre, from intrigue (The Da Vinci Code) to drama (A Very Long Engagement).Although Ms. Tautou has made English language films, she insists that she is fundamentally a French actress and, as opposed to many others who seek greater international distribution of their work through American channels, she intends to remain firmly rooted in France.Lucky France!Parisian actress Isabelle Huppert is the most nominated actress for the Cesar award; Fran ce's equivalent to America's academy awards.She is also the most nominated actress for the Molière award, which celebrates excellence on stage.Indeed, she has been most prolific, turning out more than 110 films during her nearly 50 year career, and taking her place in the theatre for no fewer than 25 plays.British film critic David Thomson avers she must be one of the world's most accomplished actresses.He then goes on to rate her performances as rather limp next to those of Isabelle Adjani.Marion Cotillard is the latest French actress to earn an American academy award, for her portrayal of France's most famous songbird in La Vie en Rose.Named the most bankable French actress of the 21st Century, she has no issue with crossing the ocean and reporting on the Hollywood sound stage for any role she might find particularly suited to her.Her latest effort, Allied, allegedly played a role in Brad Pitt's recent divorce!That movie was not her first war film; she also played alongside Mlle. Tautou in A Very Long Engagement.No list of great French actresses would be complete without the scintillating Danielle Darrieux.In a career that spanned over 80 years, Danielle Darrieux has covered every genre and every medium: stage, television and film.As though that weren't enough, she also sang and danced. In fact, that is how she got her big break: her first film was Meyerling, shot in 1936.Known as one of the greatest French actresses of all time, her dedication and commitment to her craft had her accepting roles at the ripe young age of 93.With that kind of work ethic, it is no wonder directors were eager to hire her for their next picture!The Ten Best French FilmsMore than anything, French movies reflect French culture, in all of its greatness and with all of its pitfalls.Whereas Hollywood blockbusters tend to follow a certain formula according to genre, French cinema tells a story and lets the audience work things out for themselves.Even within the same broad category, th ose stories do not follow predictable lines!Take for example two of Audrey Tautou's romantic works: Amelie and A Very Long Engagement.The first is humorous and whimsical; the second poignant and pointed â€" who would expect profound social commentary to underpin a story of undying love?Those realisations beg the question: should we gauge French films for their technical aspects, their performances, their emotional or social impact? All of the above?None of the above???Bearing in mind that no two people like the exact same thing for the exact same reasons, we propose this list of must-see French movies.NOTE: these are in addition to the ones already mentioned in this text!The Umbrellas of Cherbourg a romantic musical directed by Jacques DemyIntouchables: a dramedy of friendship and disabilityThe Rules of the Game: Jean Renoir's satirical commentary of social class in FranceBreathless: a gangster wannabe ponders the value of lifeHiroshima mon Amour: a dialogue between a French woman a nd a Japanese manBlue is the Warmest Color: a coming of age drama, with a twistLa Haine: three youths struggle to find their place in lifeThe Chorus: the choir director reaches out to troubled young boysJules et Jim: a romance drama describing the choices a love triangle facesThe Double Life of Veronique explores the identity and complexity of a woman's lifePlease bear in mind that it was exceedingly difficult to select only ten films out of the vast landscape of French cinema offerings, past and present.Do you have any favourites you might add to this list?By the time Buster Keaton made it big, French and American studios were in a tight race Source: Pixabay Credit: PerlinatorThe History of French CinemaIt is quite unfortunate that the French film industry faces a conundrum of epic proportions.As the French export only a fraction of their films each year, how can they hope to compete with Hollywood or Hong Kong fare, both of which have much higher international profiles and a great er number of loyal followers?Obviously, if they released more titles to the international market, they would have more of an audience share, wouldn't they?You will be so surprised to learn the reasons why this is not happening...Let's take a look at the history of French cinema.For one, it is a little known fact that, in order to repay France's debt to the American liberators after WWII, they were obliged to screen more American movies than French ones.Movie goers were all for that, and for about a decade, enjoyed stories that were not quintessentially French.Somewhere in the mid-fifties, artists and visionaries grew frustrated at the idea that audiences were ingesting so much pablum â€" nothing with substance, and certainly nothing to do with French people or French culture.The greatest visionaries in modern cinema gathered around an ethos â€" a philosophy that embraced the idea of a film being the direct product of one person's vision: the director.They also rejected what had till then been considered standard fare in France film making: literary and period pieces that represented a long-gone France.Robert Bresson was one of the directors that championed the biggest evolution in French cinema: La Nouvelle Vague â€" the New Wave.French filmmaker Jean-Luc Godard, perhaps one of the best known directors of that movement, proclaimed that M. Bresson WAS the movement.Robert Bresson is French cinema as Dostoyevski is the Russian novel and Mozart is German music â€" Jean-Luc Godard.From that time on, French films concerned themselves more with realism and telling quality stories rather than the quality of filming, meaning the technical aspects of movie making.Even today, the 200+ films turned out yearly by France's cinematic greats embrace, at least to some extent, the auteur theory of storytelling.What happened before the mid- 1950s?The Dark EraObviously, one needs light to create or view film, otherwise even the greatest story captured on celluloid (or digital, th ese days) would be just so much crinkly plastic (or bits and bytes).Thus you can safely assume that this period of the film industry â€" and all of Europe refers to World War II.With everything rationed including electricity, few studios had the wherewithal to produce films at that time.Nevertheless, oppressors and civilians alike demanded entertainment, so a few screen gems were turned out.Not surprisingly, quite a few of them were comedies, such as Paris - New York and Tobias is an Angel.In the year after cessation of hostilities, what has been called the most influential film of all time was realised in spite of the rationing and harsh conditions.Have you ever seen Beauty and the Beast?Jean Cocteau's original masterpiece starred  Jean Marais as the Beast and Josette Day as Beauty.Since then, the story has been retold no fewer than 13 times: as live action, animation, television series, spoofs and satire.Not too bad a run for a narrative written more than 300 years ago, is it?It w as French film maker Alice Guy who invented the concept of film narrative while working in the studio of Leon Gaumont.Mr. Gaumont, at the time a partner of Gustav Eiffel, took over the running of what was at the time a photography supply business, and jumped directly onto the movie making bandwagon.Together, M. Gaumont, with Alice Guy as the world's first female director, went on to become one of the major players in the French film industry.Not only was Mlle Guy a pioneer of the film world, but she was also the first to experiment with interracial themes, sound effects, and film colouring.Before leaving for America and eventually setting up Solax studios in New Jersey â€" the original film capital of America, she was one of the fortunate few who attended the Lumiere brothers' event, in 1895.March 22nd of that year saw the first demonstration of film projection, making France the ultimate pioneer in the industry of motion pictures.Although Louis Lumiere intended for colour photograp hy film to be the highlight of the show, he was a bit put off by his audience's rapt attention to the black and white moving picture.The first film officially screened to a paid audience of 200 people included their very first film effort titled Workers Leaving the Lumiere Factory, a 46 second clip that showed nothing more than workers leaving their factory.Exciting, no?Indeed it was! Not only was this cinematic first step a marvel of technology in itself, but it also declared the clear winner in the race to making the first motion picture.As tremulous as the French were that the honour would go to the Yanks, the Lumiere brothers managed the feat several months ahead of Thomas Edison, to be forever immortalised as the Fathers of Cinema.That still doesn't explain why there aren't more French movies with English subtitles floating out there, but it certainly explains the French people's savage pride in their film industry, doesn't it?The reason why we don't see more French films relea sed to the international market is because digital distribution is wreaking havoc on foreign films in theaters and on the telly.Because we can stream pretty much anything these days, with or without a membership to any site, what is the point of going to see an art house film and paying the high price for that admittedly highly cultural fare?It seems the French are quite happy reserving their best cinematic screening for their population, at their own box office.Does that make them unusually proud of their French language films?Do the French really crowd into the cinema for the latest Jean Dujardin film? Source: Pixabay Credit: Free-FotosAre the French Obsessed with Film?The annual French film festival at Cannes invites a multinational jury to appraise submissions and award prizes, including â€" especially!, its famed Palme D'or.Every year, a variety of films showcasing the best from assorted nations make the cut, winning best actress, best actor; best screenplay and film of the yea r â€" that coveted golden palm.For a film industry event this celebrated, happening on French soil, you might be tempted to think that French directors and actors might saturate the event, and that French stories would trump other countries' contributions.Nothing could be further from the truth.In fact, relatively few submissions and even fewer wins are attributed to the French film industry.To be sure, French actors go there; the event is held on the French Riviera, after all, and the glamour and publicity cannot be denied.But is the event shrouded in hubris? Do the French host that international film festival because their particular brand of storytelling deserves the most merit?Not at all, to listen to the French tell it.The Cannes film festival got its start in 1946, when spirits were low and the industry was flagging; and it was meant to celebrate film as an art form.It was also meant to compete with the Venice film festival, but did that so well that the Cannes ado had to be m oved to the spring, because the Venice affair took place in the fall and prospective attendees could not be in two places at one time.So, if the French view films of all sorts, from documentary to thriller so diplomatically, why is it that they give the impression of being mad for movies?The French view motion pictures as the seventh art, on par with dance, music, sculpture, painting, architecture and poetry.As these media are fundamental expressions of a culture, by extension, the French people hold that cinema is yet another representation of French culture and history.Just as Great Britain promulgated the English language throughout the world, a feat we have the right to stake pride in, the French have every right to claim movie making as a part of their national heritage.Thus we can see that it is not the films themselves that the French are so vainglorious of but the fact that they established a further artistic medium through which to tell stories, and have freely given it to the world!If you're looking to improve your French, why not consider a tutor. 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ACT Test Prep

The Importance of Personalized SAT/ACT Test Prep When it comes to teens preparing for success on the SAT or ACT, heres something parents need to know: not all test prep programs are created equal. And one of the most important things parents should look for when evaluating companies that deliver test prep courses, says Eileen Huntington of Huntington Learning Center, is whether the program meets students distinct needs. Because no two students are exactly the same, the SAT/ACT prep course each student takes shouldnt be the same either, says Huntington. Huntington test prep programs are successful because they are customized to each student. Taking a one-size-fits-all approach to test prep results in some students getting left behind. Huntington shares several reasons that parents should seek out personalized SAT/ACT test prep for their college-bound teens: Every student has different strengths and weaknesses. An area of strength for one teen might be an area of weakness for another. Thus, a broad brush approach to preparing a group of students for the math test of the SAT is unlikely to work well for everyone. The content of what is taught and the methodology must be tailored to each students abilities. Every student learns at a different pace. Just as classroom teachers differentiate their instruction in the classroom, test prep teachers need to take into account that every student has unique challenges. A great SAT/ACT test prep curriculum will be efficient, focusing on areas where teens need the most help and delivering the content at a pace that works for them. Not all SAT/ACT tutors have the same qualifications. Too often, parents assume that hiring any experienced tutor of high school students will work when it comes to helping their teens prepare for the SAT or ACT. Not true. Its essential that teens work with qualified teachers who are experienced teaching to the SAT and ACT. These teachers know the tests inside and out and understand that to achieve the best results, they must adapt their tactics and study plan, depending on the student(s). A personalized SAT/ACT test prep program begins with a practice test. Its difficult for an a test prep teacher to be as effective with students when they dont first administer a diagnostic evaluation in the form of a practice exam. A full-length, timed practice test not only gives students a true feel for what the SAT or ACT is like, it gives their test prep teacher a baseline for instruction. With detailed results, a teacher can develop an SAT/ACT prep program that addresses all weaker subject areas thoroughly. Huntington says that Huntingtons excellent track record with college entrance test prep is due to the learning centers individualized approach, but parents should rest assured that Huntington SAT/ACT test prep is both specific and thorough. When we work with a student, we cover all the bases, she says. Making sure students are ready for each section and subsection of the exam is a big part of that, but we also cover essentials like improving their speed under pressure and stress management. The point is simple: the best test prep program is detailed and addresses students individual needs and goals. About Huntington Huntington is the tutoring and test prep leader.Its certified tutors provide individualized instruction in reading, phonics, writing, study skills, elementary and middle school math, Algebra through Calculus, Chemistry, and other sciences. It preps for the SAT and ACT, as well as state and standardized exams. Huntington programs develop the skills, confidence, and motivation to help students succeed. Founded in 1977, Huntingtons mission is to give every student the best education possible. Learn how Huntington can help at www.huntingtonhelps.com. For franchise opportunities please visit www.huntingtonfranchise.com.